Содержание
Introduction 3
Chapter 1. Theoretical aspects of studying neologisms 6
1.1. The origin, definition and conception of neologisms 6
1.2. Classification of neologisms 13
1.3. Methods of forming neologisms 18
1.4. Features of the stylistic use of neologisms in mass media 25
Chapter 2. Neologism as a linguistic phenomenon in mass media texts 31
2.1. Affixation as a the most productive model of forming new word in mass media texts 31
2.2. Compounding in mass media texts 37
2.3. Blending as an unusual method of word-formation 41
2.4. Conversion in mass media texts 52
2.5. Abbreviations and acronyms in mass media 56
Conclusion 57
Bibliography 59
Выдержка из текста
New words are created in our society every day. Neologisms form a highly relevant linguistic category for many reasons – they are the elements that make a language living and dynamic rather than dead, they are indicative of language change, they form a serious obstacle in computational analysis and translation, and they help to show productive morphology of a language.
There is a substantial number of linguistic research units devoted to the observation and analysis of neologisms because for every scholar it is important to understand the processes by which new words are formed.
Neology as a branch of science was created by French linguistic school. Having worked out the theory of neology the French linguists achieved a great success. But the Russian linguists also studied neology in details. Such scholars as V.Z. Kotelova, I.R. Galperin, A.A. Bragina, V.G. Kostomarov and others made an important contribution to the development of neology.
The British and American scholars have been working out the lexicography of neologisms. As a rule they make up dictionaries of new words and supplements to the explanatory dictionaries. The principle works devoted to the neology of the English language are 1) the dictionaries composed by A.M. Taylor and R. Sandwort where we find many new words which are appeared in English during the Second World War; 2) the dictionary of new words by P. Berg which includes new lexicon since 1930 till 1953; 3) the dictionary by M. Reifer in which were registered nearly 4500 new English words in the first half of the 20th century.
In the last quarter of the 20th century three volumes of the Webster’s dictionary “6000 words” (1976), “9000 words” (1983) and “12000 words” (1986) were printed. it is significant the publication of such dictionaries as N. Mager’s “Dictionary of new words” (1982), Лемея (1985), “Longman Guardian” (1986) and “Dictionary of slang” by J. Green (1987) as well.
At present the English lexicon are increasing by nearly 800 new words annually. So the scholars find that it is necessary to study and analyze new words/
Most of the new words in English are formed by means of derivation. But it is necessary to establish that not only traditional methods (suffixation, affixation, compounding, clipping) but new ones (abbreviation, blending) are used in word-formation. It demands special researches of word-formation system.
There are two main goals in the linguistic observation of neologisms. On the one hand, updating existing lexicons and dictionaries with the newly arisen words. And on the other hand the analysis and description of the neologisms in different kinds of texts. We have chosen the second way of the new words study.
The urgency of our qualification paper. Neologisms are very important in our life, especially now, because we have a development of science and technology, the new courses in the field of literature, art and music etc. So they are widly used in mass media texts. But reading newspapers people sometimes don’t know the meaning of some words because they are formed by means of untraditional methods and untraditional models. So these methods and models are ought to be investigated.
The object of the research work is neologisms and their formation in modern English.
The subject matter of the qualification paper is structural and semantic peculiarities of neologisms used in modern English mass media texts.
The main aim of this work is to describe the structure and the meaning neologisms on the examples of newspaper publications.
The following tasks have been solved in our qualification paper:
● to define the meaning of the term “neologisms;
● to analyze the functions of new words in modern English:
● to give classification of neologisms;
● to show the principles of new words formation in mass media texts/
We used the following methods of researching: linguistic analysis, descriptive method, analysis of word components.
The theoretical base of the qualification paper are built on the scientific books and articles of the following Russian and foreign linguists and lexicographers: J. Aitchison, J. Algeo, I.V. Arnold? C.L. Barnhart, R. Barnhart, L. Bauer, M. Cabré, G. Cannon, P.M. Karashiuck, O.D. Meshkow, S. Morrison, E. Moskaleva, P.A. Newmark, A. Rey, I. Plag, A.I. Smyrnitsky, P.V. Tsarev, S. Usevičs, V.I. Zabotkina and others.
The practical base of the qualification paper are the publications in the following English and American newspapers: “The Guardian”, “The Times”, “Los Angeles Times”, “The Washington Post”, “Newsweek”, “The New York Times”, “The Observer” and some others.
The structure of the work consists of the following parts: introduction, two chapters, conclusion and bibliography.
The introduction to this work is based on the urgency of the research and the specific problems concerning with the subject of the present qualification paper.
The first chapter shows the peculiarities of neologisms in English and their room in the English lexicon and in the English mass media.
In the second chapter the use of different types of neologisms in mass media texts is shown.
The conclusion generalizes all the results of the work and forms its primary conclusions.
Список использованной литературы
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Newspapers
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49. Los Angeles Times // URL: http://articles.latimes.com
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53. Observer // URL: http://www.theguardian.com/observer
54. Times // URL: http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news
55. Washington Post // URL: http://www.washingtonpost.com