Содержание
Table of contents
Introduction 3
Chapter 1. Nature of Metaphor 6
1.1. Definition of the notion “metaphor”, its nature and functions 6
1.2. Problem of classification of metaphor 10
1.3. Linguistic means of creation of metaphor 14
Summary of Results 20
Chapter 2. Essence and Functions of Economic Metaphor 21
2.1. Classification of economic metaphor 21
2.2. Functioning of economic metaphor in economic discourse 23
2.3. Economic metaphor in the aspect of translation 28
Summary of Results 33
Chapter 3. Problem of Translation of Metaphor in the Economic Discourse 35
3.1. Practical application of metaphor in the English economic discourse 35
3.2. Means of translation of economic metaphor 46
Summary of Results 53
Conclusion 54
Bibliography 57
Appendix 65
Выдержка из текста
Introduction
Metaphor and its functioning in different discourses attract the scientists’ attention long ago, and the quantity of the scientific researches devoted to the notion of metaphorization is still growing. But in spite of the great amount of investigations in this field, some problems of the metaphor’s functioning in speech are still unsettled. For example, there is not any unique definition of the notion “metaphor”. Metaphor can be understood either narrowly as an expressive trope, or broadly as a two-dimensional indirect reflection of the reality. More over, the reflection of different concepts (in this case, economic concepts) with the help of metaphors is also of great interest today, because in this connection metaphor is considered to be not only an expressive stylistic means but also a definite means of the reality expression in the economic discourse.
The process of metaphors’ translation is very difficult in every functional style. Concerning the economic discourse, we can state that here metaphors have some additional functions (for instance, a nominative function) which are not observed in other styles of speech.
Based on the above, the theme of the present research is today very topical.
According to the topicality of the theme, we can define the aim of the research which consists in the analysis of means of translation of economic metaphors.
In order to achieve this aim, the following tasks must be solved:
1. To study the definition of the notion metaphor, its nature and functions.
2. To examine the problem of classification of metaphor and linguistic means of its creation.
3. To cite classifications of economic metaphor and its functions in the economic discourse.
4. To reveal the essence of economic metaphor in the aspect of translation.
5. To make an analysis of practical application of metaphor in the English economic discourse.
6. To investigate the means of translation of economic metaphor.
The object of the present research is economic metaphor.
The subjects of the research are the means of translation of economic metaphor.
The theoretical basis of the work consists in the scientific researchers of foreign and Russian investigators such as I.V. Arnold, N.D. Arutyunova, E. Black, M. Black, R. Bradford, S. Bratoz, A.A. Bykova, A. Deignan, R. Dirven, T. Dobrzynska, I.R. Galperin, V.V. Gurevich, R. Hoffman, L. Jeffries, Yu.N. Karaulov, G. Lakoff, T. Langer, N. Mandelblit, D. Mccloskey, V.P. Moskvin, M. Nader, P. Newmark, N. Norgaard, G.N. Sklyarevskaya, G. Steen, Yu.S. Stepanov, P. Verdonk, K. Wales and others.
The research is held on the material of articles taken from the popular newspapers of the USA and Great Britain, such as “The New Yorker”, “Project Syndicate”, “Bloomberg”, “The Washington Post”, “New Statesman”, “Watch”, and “Forbes”.
In the present research the following methods of investigation are used:
• observational method;
• quantitative method;
• method of empiric observation of the material of the research.
Theoretical relevance of the present research consists in the fact that the research of economic metaphor can be used in writing tutorials and different training materials on linguistics of English and the theory of translation.
Practical relevance of the present paper consists in the fact that the results of the present research can be relevant to the practical activities of translators and interpreters.
The structure of the present paper: the work consists of introduction, three chapters, conclusion, bibliography and appendix.
The introduction contains information about the topicality of the theme of the present work, the aim and the tasks, material and informational basis, theoretical and practical value of the research.
In the first chapter “Nature of Metaphor” the definition of the notion “metaphor” is studied, its nature and functions are analyzed, the problem of classification of metaphor is discussed and linguistic means of creation of metaphor are characterized.
In the second chapter “Essence and Functions of Economic Metaphor” the classification of economic metaphor is cited, its functioning in the economic discourse is characterized and the essence of economic metaphor is investigated in the aspect of translation.
The third chapter “Problem of Translation of Metaphor in the Economic Discourse” is devoted to the practical research of economic metaphor used in the English economic discourse. Here we analyze the practical application of metaphor in the English economic discourse and make a research of the means of translation of economic metaphor.
In the conclusion we summarize the information given above and make suggestions for future research.
In the bibliography there is a list of scientific works used in the present research.
Appendixes include the contexts of economic metaphors which are not mentioned in the text of the present paper.
Список использованной литературы
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