Содержание
Вариант 4
Грамматическая часть
1. Замените в предложениях активный залог пассивным:
Образец: Many boys attend this club. – This club is attended by many boys.
1. The girl fed the kitten. 1. The kitten was fed by girl.
2. Olga usually translates texts in the evening. 2. Texts usually are translated by Olga in the evening.
3. The “Spartak” defeated the “Dinamo” last Saturday. 3. The Dinamo was defeated by the Spartak last Saturday.
4. The students are passing the exams now. 4. The exams are being passed by the students now.
5. Mr. Brown has already cooked dinner. 5. A dinner has already been cooked by Mr. Brown
2. Выберите из скобок требующуюся форму причастия:
1. The child was amazing with toys. The toys were amazed.
2. The girl opening the window is my friend. The opened window brought fresh air into the auditorium.
3. The man telling jokes in the yard, is our neighbour Mike. But the jokes told by him are always forgotten.
4. I am sitting on the bench reading the newspaper. I’ll give you the read newspaper.
5. The students writing in the library are preparing for the conference. The reports written by these students will be published in a month.
3. Задайте 5 типов вопросов к каждому предложению:
1. Those lectures were edited by Mr. Brown.
— Who edited those lectures?
— What were Mr. Brown edited?
— Were those lectures edited by Mr. Brown?
— Those lectures were edited by Mr. Brown, weren’t it?
— Were those lectures or books edited by Mr. Brown?
2. The article will be discussed tomorrow.
— What will be discussed tomorrow?
— When will the article be discussed?
— Will the article be discussed tomorrow?
— The article will be discussed tomorrow, will not it?
— Will the article be discussed tomorrow or today?
3. The discs have just been recorded.
— What have just been recorded?
— Have the discs just been recorded?
— When have the discs been recorded?
— Have the discs or music just been recorded?
— The discs have just been recorded, haven’t it?
4. Перепишите предложения в прошедшем времени, используя правило согласования времен:
Образец: He says he is going to the hotel to have a rest. – He said he was going to the hotel to have a rest.
1. They reported that the participants of the conference will arrive tomorrow. 1. They reported that the participants of the conference would arrive the next day.
2. They reported that the board of directors has just made the decision on this matter. 2. They reported that the board of directors had just made the decision on this matter.
3. They reported that the balance sheet was completed yesterday. 3. They reported that the balance sheet had been completed the day before.
4. They reported that the results of the enterprise activity are being discussed now. 4. They reported that the results of the enterprise activity were being discussed then.
5. They reported that the annual meeting had finished by 12 o’clock. 5. They reported that the annual meeting had finished by 12 o’clock.
5. Переведите предложения:
1. Give me a report printed by the Secretary. She said that it has errors.
2. These data were corrected yesterday. The Board of Directors announced that new data will be announced soon after the meeting.
3. He said that it is — a very sophisticated equipment. Above the new process of tissue processing runs the entire department.
4. Above these words often laugh. I said that the business plan will be completed by the end of the week.
5. Looked at him with surprise. The agreement, signed by him, was unprofitable.
6. Перепишите предложения, заменяя придаточное дополнительное предложение на Complex Object:
Образец: I want that my sister will play with me. – I want my sister to play with me.
1. I know that this lawyer is the best specialist. 1. I know this lawyer to be the best specialist.
2. I don’t like when you discuss my ideas without me. 2. I don’t like when you to discuss my ideas without me.
3. She wants that her children will become economists. 3. She wants that her children to become economists.
4. She didn’t expect that he would not agree with her plan. 4. She didn’t expect that him not agree with her plan.
5. We hope that the conference will increase their interest in economics. 5. We hope that the conference to increase their interest in economics.
7. Переведите предложения на английский язык, обращая внимание на Complex Subject:
1. It is assumed that the exchange rate will stabilize by the end of the year.
2. It was expected that this information will change the alignment of forces in the government.
3. It is reported that a new project has just been approved.
4. It has been known that the assets of the bank are constantly increasing.
5. I think that this company is privately owned.
8. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требующейся форме:
1. If you would have insisted on your plan, the director hadn’t attracted specialists from another department.
2. I would express my opinion if I knew the precise figures.
3. If they offer a 10 % discount, we will sign the contract.
4. If she asked me yesterday, I could return the book.
5. I will translate the text if you bring my dictionary tomorrow.
9. Переведите предложения на английский язык:
1. If you were asked about this yesterday, I would have shown you the details.
2. If it fills the report, we have presented it to the board of directors.
3. If you look at the act of merging, you will understand the essence of our conversation.
4. It is a pity that I do not understand in accounting.
5. It is a pity that you come so late.
10. Передайте следующие предложения в косвенной речи:
1. The director said to the visitors, “Enter the conference hall, please.”
2. She said, “The end of the fiscal year is difficult time for accountants.”
3. He asked, “Did you pay the bills yesterday?”
4. He said to me, “When will you finish the transaction?”
5. Andrew asked, “Are you discussing the discounts now?”
Лексическая часть
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Where and how the ship is built
Shipbuilding is one of the most important assembly industries in the world. There are more individual pieces in the ship than in any mobile structure made by man. The shipyard is the place where all pieces of structure are brought together, put into their proper positions and made into a living ship.
The place where the ship is built in the shipyard is known as the building berth. The building berth is a portion of land near the water especially prepared to receive heavy dead loads; it is piled with wooden piles, for it must take the progressively increasing size and weight of the ship’s hull structure. That part of the building berth which is near the water must be exceptionally strong, for on it the whole weight of the ship rests at the moment when under the action of a component of gravity she has slid down the launching ways and her stern is being lifted by the water into which she has run.
The stages of a production in a well arranged shipyard are as follows:
1. Securing contract for building.
2. Preparing the working drawings, the moulds.
3. Ordering of material for construction.
4. Constructional and machine-shop processes.
5. Erection operations at the building berth.
6. Riveting or welding the portion of the ship together.
7. Testing those parts of the ship which are watertight or oiltight for “tightness”.
8. Launching.
9. Fitting out and installing the main and auxiliary machinery.
10. The trial trip and delivery.
Once the contract has been secured, approval must be obtained for the general design plan of the ship, and then of the plans required by the classification society. The plans required by the classification society for the new ship may be termed the master plan, and at this stage all the technical data concerning speed, power for propulsion, deadweight, cubic ballast, bunker capacities, trim, and shape and propeller design are finally checked.
Then the preparation of the lines plan, the working model, the plans required by builders and the drawings of stern casting.
In a big ship, as many as six thousand individual drawings may be needed.
Где и как строятся корабли
Судостроение является одним из наиболее важной сборочной промышленностью в мире. Есть несколько индивидуальных частей в корабле, чем в любой мобильной структуре, выпускаемой человеком. Судоверфь это место, где все части структуры собирают в единое, распределяют по своим соответствующим позиция и собираются в корабль.
Место, где собирают корабли на судоверфи известен как стапель. Стапель представляет собой участок земли рядом с водой, особенно разгрузки и получения больших грузов; он завален деревянными сваями, ибо она должна постепенно увеличиваться в размере и весе конструкции корпуса судна. Та часть здания причала, которая находится рядом с водой должна быть исключительно крепкой, потому что на нем весь вес судна лежит в тот момент, когда под действием компонента силы тяжести она спускается вниз и ее корма в настоящее время опускается в воду, в которую она запускается.
Стадии производства в хорошо организованной судоверфи являются следующие:
1. Обеспечение контракта на строительство.
2. Подготовка рабочих чертежей, пресс-форм.
3. Систематизация материала для строительства.
4. Конструкционный и механический цех.
5. Монтажные работы на стапеле.
6. Заклепка и сварка частей судна.
7. Тестирование тех частей судна, которые водонепроницаемые или маслонепроницаемые для "герметичности".
8. Запуск.
9. Обустройство и монтаж основного и вспомогательного оборудования.
10. Пробная поездка и поставка.
После того, как контракт был обеспечен, одобрение должно быть получено для общего плана проектирования корабля, а затем из планов, необходимых классификационным обществом. Планы, требуемые классификационным обществом для нового судна можно назвать мастер-план, и на данном этапе все технические данные, касающиеся скорости, мощности для приведения в движение, дедвейтом, кубического балласта, бункерных емкостей, обрезки, а также форма и конструкция пропеллера, наконец, проверено.
Затем подготовка плана линии, рабочая модель, планы, необходимые строители и чертежи кормового литья.
В большом корабле, может потребоваться целых шесть тысяч отдельных чертежей.
Vocabulary practice:
1. Ответьте на вопросы:
1. Shipbuilding is one of the most important industries in the world, isn’t it? 1. Shipbuilding is one of the most important assembly industries in the world.
2. What is the shipyard? 2. The shipyard is the place where all pieces of structure are brought together, put into their proper positions and made into a living ship.
3. What is the building berth? 3. The building berth is a portion of land near the water especially prepared to receive heavy dead loads.
4. Why is the building berth piled with wooden piles? 4. It is piled with wooden piles, for it must take the progressively increasing size and weight of the ship’s hull structure.
5. Why must the parts of building berth which is near the water be exceptionally strong? 5. That part of the building berth which is near the water must be exceptionally strong, for on it the whole weight of the ship rests at the moment when under the action of a component of gravity she has slid down the launching ways and her stern is being lifted by the water into which she has run.
2. Переведите на английский:
A characteristic feature of the shipyard is building on its territory the stocks. Slipway is adjacent to the water area of the factory sloping site, having a solid foundation, built on pile foundation. Stapel has special equipment for welding on it hulls, partial installation of the equipment and for the subsequent launching of the ship. The descent is made on vessels triggers droshky installed on the slipway.
3. Образуйте новые существительные путем добавления суффикса — er и переведите их на русский язык:
Keep Keeper – якорь магнита Coast Coaster – каботажное судно
Heat Heater – нагреватель Tank Tanker –танкер/ автоцистерна
Launch Launcher–пусковаяустановка Weld Welder – сварщик
Lead Leader- руководитель/ лидер Charge Charger–зарядное устройство
Move Mover – двигатель Boil Boiler – котёл
Load Loader – грузчик Bunk Bunker – бункер
Control Controllerинспектор/ревизор Change Changer – сбрасыватель
4. Дайте английские эквиваленты и составьте с ними свои предложения:
Судостроение – shipbuilding Деревянные сваи – wooden piles
Судоверфь – shipyard Стадия производства – stage of a production
Сборочная промышленность – assembly industries Водонепроницаемость — watertight
Отдельные части – individual pieces Корма — stern
Стапель – building berth Чертеж — drawing
Судостроение, судоверфь, сборочная промышленность, отдельные части, стапель, деревянные сваи, стадия производства, водонепроницаемость, корма, чертеж.
5. Назовите тип судна, который перевозит следующие грузы:
Cargo Cargo ship
Passengers Passenger ship
Timber Timber ship
Meat and fruit Freezership
Containers Container ship
Oil Tanker
Liquid cargo Lighter carrier ship
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