Содержание
Вариант -6
1. Read and translate the text into Russian.
Control
Control is an issue facing every manager in every organization today. Control
concerns are very extensive. Office productivity, the time needed to resupply
merchandise in stores, the length of time that customers must wait in check-out
lines, quality and suchlike are all about control.
The systematic process through which managers regulate organizational
activities to make them consistent with expectations established in plans, targets,
and standards of performance is called organizational control.
A well-designed control system consists of four key steps: a) establishing
standards of performance, b) measuring actual performance, c) comparing performance to standards, and d) taking corrective action.
Control should be linked to strategic planning. Changes in the environment
require that internal control systems adapt to strategic changes; control systems
must not continue measuring what was important in the past.
The organization exists around a production process, and control can focus
on events before, during, or after this process. These three forms of control are
called, respectively, feedforward, concurrent, and feedback.
Feedforward control focuses on human, material, and financial resources
that flow into the organisation. Its purpose is to ensure that input quality is
sufficiently high to prevent problems when the organisation performs its tasks.
Concurrent control monitors ongoing employee activities to ensure that
they are consistent with quality standards. It relies on performance standards.
Concurrent control is designed to ensure that employee work activities produce
the correct results.
Feedback control focuses on the quality of the end product or service after
the organization’s task is completed.
Most organizations use all three types simultaneously but emphasize the
form that most closely corresponds to their strategic objectives.
Finally, effective organizational control consists of several characteristics,
including a link to strategy, use of all four control steps, acceptance by members,
a balanced use of objective and subjective data, and the qualities of accuracy,
flexibility, and timeliness.
There are two main control approaches to quality. They are modern clan control and traditional bureaucratic control. Bureaucratic control is the use of
rules, policies, hierarchy of authority, written documentation, reward systems,
and other formal mechanisms to influence employee behavior and assess
performance. Clan control relies on social values, traditions, common beliefs,
and trust to generate compliance with organizational goals.
2. Match the following words with the correct definitions.
a) to resupply 1) a process of working out a detailed scheme,
method, etc., for attaining a long-term objective
b) target 2) continually moving forward; developing
c) strategic planning 3) external conditions or surroundings, esp those in
which people live or work
d) environment 4) to carry out; put into action; perform
e) input 5) an accepted or approved example of something
against which others are judged or measured
f) ongoing 6) to provide (with something) again
g) standard 7) the state or quality of being suitable or opportune
h) timeliness 8) productive of or capable of producing a result
i) to implement 9) a resource required for industrial production,
such as capital goods, labour services, raw materials, etc
j) effective 10) a fixed goal or objective
3. Answer the questions about the text.
1. What is organizational control?
2. Could you describe the four steps of control? What do you understand by
them?
3. What does it mean to say that organizational control should be kinked to
strategic planning?
4. What are the purposes of concurrent and feedback controls?
5. What is the difference between bureaucratic and clan control? Which do
you think is the stronger form?
6. What is a quality circle? How can it be used to improve organizational
quality control?
4. Expand the sentences given.
1. Organizational control is … .
2. The organization exists around a production process, and control can focus
on events …, …, or … this process.
3. The three forms of control are called feedforward, …, and … .
4. Feedforward control focuses on … .
5. Total quality management involves … .
6. There are two main control approaches to quality. They are … and … .
5. Complete the following sentences with the appropriate word from the list
below.
1. The best way to buy … and influence is to give … to politicians and then
buy the politician.
2. When a family business becomes large, it becomes more difficult to keep
it under family … .
3. We must find ways of keeping our expenditure in … .
4. He has … to act on our behalf.
5. He was a figurehead without real … .
6. In cases of severe mental handicap, constant … is recommended.
words for reference: control, authority, power, supervision, check
Выдержка из текста
Вариант -6
1. Read and translate the text into Russian.
Control
Control is an issue facing every manager in every organization today. Control
concerns are very extensive. Office productivity, the time needed to resupply
merchandise in stores, the length of time that customers must wait in check-out
lines, quality and suchlike are all about control.
The systematic process through which managers regulate organizational
activities to make them consistent with expectations established in plans, targets,
and standards of performance is called organizational control.
A well-designed control system consists of four key steps: a) establishing
standards of performance, b) measuring actual performance, c) comparing performance to standards, and d) taking corrective action.
Control should be linked to strategic planning. Changes in the environment
require that internal control systems adapt to strategic changes; control systems
must not continue measuring what was important in the past.
The organization exists around a production process, and control can focus
on events before, during, or after this process. These three forms of control are
called, respectively, feedforward, concurrent, and feedback.
Feedforward control focuses on human, material, and financial resources
that flow into the organisation. Its purpose is to ensure that input quality is
sufficiently high to prevent problems when the organisation performs its tasks.
Concurrent control monitors ongoing employee activities to ensure that
they are consistent with quality standards. It relies on performance standards.
Concurrent control is designed to ensure that employee work activities produce
the correct results.
Feedback control focuses on the quality of the end product or service after
the organization’s task is completed.
Most organizations use all three types simultaneously but emphasize the
form that most closely corresponds to their strategic objectives.
Finally, effective organizational control consists of several characteristics,
including a link to strategy, use of all four control steps, acceptance by members,
a balanced use of objective and subjective data, and the qualities of accuracy,
flexibility, and timeliness.
There are two main control approaches to quality. They are modern clan control and traditional bureaucratic control. Bureaucratic control is the use of
rules, policies, hierarchy of authority, written documentation, reward systems,
and other formal mechanisms to influence employee behavior and assess
performance. Clan control relies on social values, traditions, common beliefs,
and trust to generate compliance with organizational goals.
2. Match the following words with the correct definitions.
a) to resupply 1) a process of working out a detailed scheme,
method, etc., for attaining a long-term objective
b) target 2) continually moving forward; developing
c) strategic planning 3) external conditions or surroundings, esp those in
which people live or work
d) environment 4) to carry out; put into action; perform
e) input 5) an accepted or approved example of something
against which others are judged or measured
f) ongoing 6) to provide (with something) again
g) standard 7) the state or quality of being suitable or opportune
h) timeliness 8) productive of or capable of producing a result
i) to implement 9) a resource required for industrial production,
such as capital goods, labour services, raw materials, etc
j) effective 10) a fixed goal or objective
3. Answer the questions about the text.
1. What is organizational control?
2. Could you describe the four steps of control? What do you understand by
them?
3. What does it mean to say that organizational control should be kinked to
strategic planning?
4. What are the purposes of concurrent and feedback controls?
5. What is the difference between bureaucratic and clan control? Which do
you think is the stronger form?
6. What is a quality circle? How can it be used to improve organizational
quality control?
4. Expand the sentences given.
1. Organizational control is … .
2. The organization exists around a production process, and control can focus
on events …, …, or … this process.
3. The three forms of control are called feedforward, …, and … .
4. Feedforward control focuses on … .
5. Total quality management involves … .
6. There are two main control approaches to quality. They are … and … .
5. Complete the following sentences with the appropriate word from the list
below.
1. The best way to buy … and influence is to give … to politicians and then
buy the politician.
2. When a family business becomes large, it becomes more difficult to keep
it under family … .
3. We must find ways of keeping our expenditure in … .
4. He has … to act on our behalf.
5. He was a figurehead without real … .
6. In cases of severe mental handicap, constant … is recommended.
words for reference: control, authority, power, supervision, check
Список использованной литературы
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