Пример готовой контрольной работы по предмету: Языки (переводы)
Содержание
вариант 2
(ECONOMICS/ MARKETING/ ACCOUNTANCY)
READING
Задание 1. Прочтите текст и переведите письменно выделенный отрывок.
PROFESSION OF MANAGER
Few people better personify the French technocratic elite that has held France in a tight grip for many decades than Pierre Bilger. Bilger is the Chairman of Alstom, the giant power and railway equipment company formed out of the joint venture between Britain's General Electric Company (GEC) and France's Alcatel-Alsthom, which became a separately quoted company in 1998.
On graduating, Bilger, like many of his ENA colleagues, joined the Finance Ministry, rising quickly up its ranks. In 1982 he switched from government to industry, joining CGE, as Alcatel-Alsthom was then known, although since the company was at that time owned by the French state, the change was more apparent than real.
At Alcatel-Alsthom his big project was overseeing the formation in 1988 of the joint venture with GEC. As soon as the joint venture, GEC-Alsthom, was formed, Bilger was given the task of running it.
After a decade of working for one of the largest Anglo-French joint ventures, Bilger is well attuned to Anglo-Saxon attitudes. He speaks frequently of shareholders and of the need to keep costs down but he still remains very French. His explanations are fluent and polished and his arguments have none of the down-to-earth style you might expect from someone running a British engineering company.
Although Britain and France are neighbors, their business cultures could hardly be further apart. What, I ask, had he found most irritating about the English once he was put in charge of a company full of them? 'What I found most irritating about our British colleagues was their great reluctance to go through what we French would consider a rational process of making a decision,' he answered thoughtfully. 'They insist on going straight to the point, whereas we like to have a systematic agenda. But over time I came to appreciate that this had its virtues as well.'
Like most French establishment figures, Bilger is an ardent Europhile. The company, he believes, is itself an experiment in unity; soon after the British and French parts were put together, German and Spanish units were added. After a brief attempt at using multiple languages inside the company, Bilger soon decided
to impose English as the company language, partly because the English were reluctant to learn any other languages. 'We lost a few French managers because of that, but not many,' he says.
Alstom remains a technological leader and it is led by bright people. Bilger does not mention it, but in France the country's cleverest, best-qualified people can be found running manufacturing companies. In Britain that has not been true for almost a century.
Задание 2. Соответствуют ли данные утверждения содержанию текста? Поставьте знак T , если утверждение верное и знак F, если неверное.
1 British and French business cultures have many things in common,
2 The British tend to take decisions more quickly than the French.
3 The French do not like having long discussions to analyze things in detail.
4 The French feel they are systematic and logical in their approach to business.
5 British business people like to follow a strict agenda at meetings.
6 Alstom is no longer a purely French-British company.
7 In Alstom the French and English languages have equal status.
8 In Britain, manufacturing companies attract the best-qualified and cleverest people.
9 Alstom remains a technological chief.
10 At Alcatel-Alsthom his big project was overseeing the formation in 1996.
Задание 3. Заполните список этапов образования и карьеры Бильжера.???
Complete the chart showing the different stages of Bilger's education and career.
First higher education institution a)
Second higher education institution b)
First main employer c)
Second main employer d)
e)
Current name of company f)
READING
Задание 4. Прочтите текст и ответьте на вопросы.
Karl Marx: It's Exploitation!
Karl Marx, a German economist and political scientist who lived from 1818 to 1883, looked at capitalism from a more pessimistic and revolutionary viewpoint. Where Adam Smith saw harmony and growth, Marx saw instability, struggle, and decline. Marx believed that once the capitalist (the guy with the money and the organizational skills to build a factory) has set up the means of production, all value is created by the labor involved in production. In Marx's view, presented in his 1867 tome Das Kapital (Capital), a capitalist's profits come from exploiting labor—that is, from underpaying workers for the value that they are actually creating. For this reason, Marx couldn't abide the notion of a profit-oriented organization.
This situation of management exploiting labor is the main reason of the class struggle. Marx saw the class struggle at the heart of capitalism, and he predicted that that struggle would ultimately destroy capitalism. To Marx, class struggle intensifies over time. Ultimately, in Marx's view, society moves to a two-class system of a few wealthy capitalists and a mass of underpaid, underprivileged workers.
Marx predicted the fall of capitalism and movement of society toward communism, in which “the people” (that is, the workers) own the means of production and thus have no need to exploit labor for profit. Clearly, Marx's thinking had a tremendous impact on many societies, particularly on the USSR (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) in the twentieth century.
While Marx's theories have been discredited, they are fascinating and worth knowing. They also say something about weaknesses in capitalism.
1. Who is Karl Marx?
2. What was Marx’s view at capital and capitalists?
3. How did Marx consider class struggle?
4. What was Marx’s prediction about development of the society?
5. Why his theories are still studied by future economists?
Задание 5. Подберите определения к словам из левой колонки.
1) corporation a)
2) unemployment b)
3) deficit c)
4) budget d)
5) debt e)
6) consumer f)
7) poverty g
8) to claim h)
9) to devote i)
10) welfare j)
GRAMMAR
Задание
6. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
1. When my grandfather was _ young man, he studied … physics. 2. Do you speak … Spanish? 3. My uncle is _ great specialist in … biology. 4. … Japanese is more difficult than … French. 5. We listened to _ very interesting lecture on … English literature yesterday. 6. Yesterday at _ lesson of _ geography _ teacher told us … very interesting things about … famous travelers. 7. My father speaks … English and … French, but he does not speak … German. 8. We had _ lesson of … mathematics yesterday. We wrote _test-paper in … mathematics. _ teacher said: "I shall correct _ test-papers in _ evening. Tomorrow you will know _ results".
Задание
7. Поставьте следующие предложения во множественное число.
1. This is my stocking. 2. He has a new suit. 3. This metal is very hard. 4. That ship is a Russian one.. 5. I heard her voice. 6. His dog does not like bread. 7. The plate was on the table. 8. This town is very large. 9. I was talking to her at the tram stop yesterday. 10. Is that girl your sister? 11. I shall give you my book. 12. This story will be a good one. 13. Is this a good match? 14. The boy put his book on the desk. 15. She took off her hat.. 16. That house is new. 17. The young man put his hand in his pocket. 18. Is this student coming with us, too? 19. The woman didn't say anything. 20. Does she speak English?
Задание
8. Вставьте somebody, anybody, nobody или everybody.
1. Has in this group got a dictionary? 2. left a magazine in our classroom yesterday. 3. The question was so difficult that could answer it. 4. I am afraid I shan't be able to find in the office now: it is too late. 5. knows that water is necessary for life. 6. Is there here who knows French? 7. You must find who can help you. 8. knew anything about America before Columbus discovered it. 9. I saw in the train yesterday who looked like you. 10. There is in the next room. I don't know him. 11. Please tell us the story. knows it. 12. Is there in my group who lives in the dormitory?
READING
Задание 6. Прочтите текст и заполните таблицу.
Factors influencing the demand Factors influencing the supply
Price
Prices of other goods
Consumer incomes
Government regulation
Demand and Supply
Demand is the quantity of a good that buyers wish to buy at certain price. Other things equal*, at low prices the demanded quantity is higher.
Supply is the quantity of a good that sellers wish to sell at certain price. Other things equal, when prices are high, the supplied quantity is high as well.
The market is in equilibrium when the price regulates the quantity supplied by producers and the quantity demanded by consumers. When prices are not so high as the equilibrium price, there is excess demand (shortage) raising the price. At prices above the equilibrium price, there is excess supply (surplus) reducing the price.
There are some factors influencing demand for a good, such as the prices of other goods, consumer incomes and some others.
An increase in the price of a substitute good (or a decrease in the price of a complement good) will at the same time raise the demanded quantity. As consumer income is increased, demand for normal goods will also increase but demand for inferior goods will decrease. A normal good is a good for which demand increases when incomes rise. An inferior good is a good for which demand falls when incomes rise.
As to supply, some factors are assumed 3 as constant. Among them are technology, the input price, as well as degree of government regulation. An improvement in technology is as important for increasing the supplied quantity of a good as a reduction in input prices.
Government regulates demand and supply, imposing ceiling prices (maximum prices) and floor prices (minimum prices) and adding its own demand to the demand of the private sector.
Задание
7. Вставьте подходящее слово и переведите предложения письменно.
1. The fashion for mini-skirt (increased/) the demand for textile materials. 2. Even in (/the same) middle-income countries many people are very poor. 3. Government regulations sometimes (decrease/impose) a change in (technology/quantity) that producers do not want to use. 4. Stabilization of prices is of great importance to industrial nations (as we// as /as well) the Third World countries. 5. Freeing up (освобождение) prices leads to their (decrease/increase).
6. (Inferior/ Normal) goods are usually low-quality goods for which there are higher-quality (improvements/substitutes) sold at higher prices. 7. A decrease in (complement/ input) prices makes the production less expensive..
Задание
8. Подберите к словам в левой колонке определения.
1. private a)
2. statistics b)
3. analysis c)
4. finance d)
5. market e)
6. politician f)
7. influence g)
8. income h)
9. consultant i)
10. agency j)
GRAMMAR
Внимание!
Перед выполнением заданий 9, 10,
1. изучите раздел грамматики на стр.121-128 пособия.
Задание 9. Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на разные формы герундия.
1. Watching football matches may be exciting enough, but of course it is more exciting playing football. 2. She stopped coming to see us, and I wondered what had happened to her. 3. Can you remember having seen the man before? 4. She was terrified of having to speak to anybody, and even more, of being spoken to. 5. He was on the point of leaving the club, as the porter stopped him. 6. After being corrected by the teacher, the students' papers were returned to them. 7. I wondered at my mother's having allowed the journey. 8. I understand perfectly your wishing to start the work at once. 9. Everybody will discuss the event, there is no preventing it. 10. At last he broke the silence by inviting everybody to walk into the dining-room. 11. On being told the news she turned pale. Услышав новости, 12. The place is worth visiting. 12. I avoided speaking to them about that matter. 13. She burst out crying. 14. They burst out laughing. 15. She denied having been at home that evening. 16. He enjoyed talking of the pleasures of travelling. 17. Excuse my leaving you at such a moment. 18. Please forgive my interfering. 19. He gave up smoking a few years ago. 20. They went on talking. 21. He keeps insisting on my going to the south 22. Oh please do stop laughing at him. 23. Do you mind my asking you a difficult question? 24. Would you mind coming again in a day or two? 14. I don't mind wearing this dress. 25. She could not help smiling. 16. I cannot put off doing this translation. 26. Though David was tired, he went on walking in the direction of Dover.
Задание
10. Раскройте скобки, употребляя требующуюся форму инфинитива.
1. Не seems (to read) a lot.
2. Не seems (to read) now. 3. He seems (to read) since morning. 4. He seems (to read) all the books in the library. 5. I want (to take) you to the concert. 6.1 want (to take) to the concert by my father. 7. She hoped (to help) work her Mends. 6. She hoped (to help) by her friends. 9. I hope (to see) you soon. 10. We expect (to be) back in two days. 11. He expected (to help) by the teacher. 12. The children seem (to play) since morning. 13. I am glad (to do) all the homework yesterday. 14. She seems (to work) at this problem ever since she came here. 15 I am sorry (to break) your pen.
Задание
11. Раскройте скобки, употребляя Present Participle или Perfect Participle.
1. (to do) his homework, he was thinking hard. 2. (to do) his homework, he went for a walk. 3 (to sell) fruit, he looked back from time to time, hoping to see his friends. 4. (to sell) all the fruit, he went to see his friends. 5. (to eat) all the potatoes, she drank a cup of tea. 6. (to drink tea, she scalded her lips. 7. (to run) in the yard, I fell and hurt my knee. 8. (to look) through some magazines, I came across an interesting article about UFOs. 9. (to write) out and (to learn) all the new words, he was able to translate the text easily. 10. (to live) in the south of our country, he cannot enjoy the beauty of St. Petersburg's White Nights in summer. 11. (to talk) to her neighbor in the street, she did not notice how a thief stole her money. 12. (to read) the story, she closed the book and put it on the shelf. 13. (to buy) some juice and cakes, we went home. 14. (to sit) near the fire, he felt very warm.
Задание
12. Прочтите и переведите текст; опираясь на текст, напишите собственный аудиторский отчет по финансовому состоянию какого либо предприятия по вашему выбору (можно вымышленного).
Board of Directors, Stockholders, Owners, and/or Management of
ABC Company, Inc.
123 Main St.
Anytown, Any Country
We have audited the accompanying balance sheet of ABC Company, Inc. (the “Company”) as of December 31, 20XX and the related statements of income and cash flows for the year then ended. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audit.
We conducted our audit in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in (the country where the report is issued).
Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 20XX, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the year then ended in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in (the country where the report is issued).
AUDITOR’S SIGNATURE
Auditor’s name and address
Date
Задание 13. Напишите аннотацию к тексту (не более
50. знаков).
After the deal
Doing deals is easy. As mergers hit record levels, now comes the hard part
The merger wave, which in 1998 was a predominantly American affair, is now sweeping over Europe. Cross-border (international) deals, such as Daimler-Benz's takeover of Chrysler, accounted for a quarter of mergers in 1998; more are expected as firms go global.
In many cases this consolidation makes sense — at least on paper. But just as certain as the flow of deals is that most will be failures. Study after study of past merger waves has shown that two out of every three deals have not worked.
Success in the future will depend more than ever on the merged companies' ability to create added value. And that will depend mainly on what happens after the deal has been done. Yet many deal makers have neglected this side of the business. Once the merger is done, they simply assume that computer programmers, sales mangers and engineers will cut costs and boost revenue according to plan.
Yet, just when post – merger integration has become decisive, it has become harder to pull off. Not only are modern firms complicated global affairs, but executives are putting today's deals together in a hurry. Few give enough thought to the pitfalls.
One set of obstacles is 'hard' things, such as linking distribution or computer systems. In particular, many recent mergers have been undone by the presumption that information technology is easy to mesh together.
More difficult are the 'soft issues'; and here the same word keeps popping up — culture. People never fit together as easily as flow charts. Culture permeates a company, and differences can poison any collaboration. After one large US merger, the two firms had a row over the annual picnic: employees of one company were accustomed to inviting spouses, the others were totally against the idea. The issue was resolved by inviting spouses only in alternate years.
Two new things have made culture clashes harder to manage. The first is the growing importance of intangible assets. In an advertising agency, for instance, most of the value can walk out of the door if key people leave.
The second new thing is the number of cross-border mergers. In this area DaimlerChrysler may prove to be an interesting case study in differing management cultures. One worry is compensation: Chrysler's pay levels are much higher than the German company's. So a US manager posted to Stuttgart may end up reporting to a German manager who is earning half his salary.
Nor is pay the only difference. Chrysler likes to pride itself on its flexible approach, where speed and ingenuity are prized. When designing new models, teams of engineers, designers and marketing people work on each model. Daimler-Benz has a more traditional structure, in which designers and marketing people mix less and engineers are in charge.
Some recent deals will no doubt prove a stunning success. Nevertheless, there are three ominous signs about the current merger boom. First, much of the attention seems to be on the deal itself rather than the integration that must follow. Second, many deals are rushed. And third, mergers have too often become a strategy in their own right.
So the things that are so impressive about today's mergers — their size, complexity and daring -could count against them if the economy turns down.
From The Economist
Выдержка из текста
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