Пример готовой курсовой работы по предмету: Языки (переводы)
Содержание
1. HISTORICAL, ETYMOLOGICAL, STRUCTURAL AND SEMANTIC CHRACTERISTICS OF THE CONCEPT “POLITICS”
1.1 The word “politics”: historical and etymological aspects
The word “politics” appeared in the Antiquity and comes from a Greek lexeme “polis”, which means “city-state”. Polis was a unique society, center of cultural, trade and scientific life. During process of historical development the differentiation of the forms of government in ancient polices has occurred, but in every society there was a common element – free participation of all citizens in the decision-making.
Historically, appearing of first polices became the result of decomposition of a tribal system. Appearing of the first polices goes to ancient Greece approx. 800 B. C. The golden age of ancient city refers to V century B. C. [24, p. 35].
Semantic field of the concept suffered under influence of historical processes.
Plato understand phenomenon of polis as a large family in which every person becomes as integrative, inalienable part of policy-state. Aristotle refers polis to political formation, in which a man realizes himself. Political man (politics) realizes himself in the political sphere. Thus, politics becomes a kind of individual labor, natural sphere of life, the search for the best life. Individual in the Aristotle’s conception is perceived as a “political man”, a free citizen, endowed with rights and duties.
Выдержка из текста
Humanization of scientific thinking has led to the appearance and rapid development of the branches of sciences studying in details all aspects of human existence. Actuality of these sciences in the modern world is based on the understanding that in most cases the person does not deal with the real world but with its representation, created mainly by means of linguistic resources. The great philosopher Martin Heidegger argued that language is the "home of life", believing that language does not only reflect, but creates a reality in which a man lives. Of course, the reality will be quite different for members of different ethnic groups, because the language is a reflection of material culture, beliefs, traditions, customs of the nation and their history. According to the definition, given by modern Russian researcher V. A. Maslova: "language is both an instrument of creation, development, storage (in the frames of the text) of culture, and it is an inherited part of it, because the language means creation of a real, objectively existing discourses of material and spiritual culture" [22, p. 27].
At the beginning of the third millennium the global society found itself in a situation where the state and possible ways of further development of politics becomes one of the most widely discussed scientific problems. In the most general form politics "is the practice and theory of influencing other people". However, the given definition ignores the numerous connotations, associative row formed in the modern civilization model, which acts as a reviewer of phenomenon of politics. Moreover, the definition leaves beyond attention the differences between semantical structure of the concept in the different languages, including French and English.
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