Содержание
1.1 Equivalence as the main characteristic of translation
Equivalence will always be an important part of human translation as long as the latter exists. To be more specific, equivalence is one of the most important considerations of professional translation agents and freelance translation service experts alike when it comes to localizing a website or straightforwardly translating textual material.
The factors that affect human translation the most are mostly the ones that are cultural or linguistic in nature. If these so-called parameters are as effective and accurate as expected, they will help streamline the translation process in a convincing and correct manner.
Therefore, translators must begin striking a balance between language and culture in order to truly achieve translation equivalence. Doing so is, of course, easier said than done. Many scholars view translation through different contexts; there are those who base their studies on source-oriented theory, while there are others who emphasize target oriented ideals above all else. In fact, the latter concept is currently being applied to the international online market in the form of adaptation and localization.
When getting ready to translate a text, the translator should set his/her hierarchy of equivalence requirements. The translator should consider a number of variables when setting up equivalence goals. For example, it is more important to evoke similar emotions when translating a sonnet, but when translating a manual accuracy and consistency will be the top priorities. This can be done by performing a text analysis. This includes: doing research on the topic (preferably in both languages), noticing main text characteristics (like type of text, its structure, etc.), setting up translation priorities, considering who the audience might be (how much background information they have, why they will be reading the translation), and of course, developing full understanding of the text.
Next, basing his/her decision on the text analysis, the translator chooses a translation approach. For example, since the text I translated is a history lecture and the main goal of the author is to convey his ideas about a certain period in history, the best approach to translating it would be communicative approach. The target audience wants to know what the author thinks and why he thinks that way, they do not want to hear something that sounds like a translation and is, therefore, confusing in meaning (if we chose faithful approach, that’s what the result would be). Translators who use communicative approach produce texts in the target language that do not read like translations [2, 23].
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Introduction
Equivalence, as a respectable principle of translation, has been around in the translation sector for a long time. It is the method whereby the translator's purpose is not to give a literal, word-for-word translation but to transfer the meaning of the text as would be best expressed in the words of the native language. In this course paper, it will be focused on the criteria necessary to qualify equivalence in translation with special reference, as well as distinctive viewpoints from famous translation theorists. Also, it will be talked about the formal equivalence and structural equivalence.
This paper is about equivalence in translation, exactly about equivalence as the main characteristic of translation, levels of equivalence, equivalence interpreted by different linguists based on Mark Twain’s works “Tom Sawyer”, “The Prince and the pauper”, “Eve's diary” and “The Stolen white elephant”.
The aim of this course paper is to review the theory of equivalence and to reveal the prevailing level of equivalence in translation of the English prose.
Object: Theory of equivalence in translation.
Subject: Levels of equivalence and their functioning in translation of Mark Twain’s works “Tom Sawyer”, “The Prince and the pauper”, “Eve's diary” and “The Stolen white elephant”.
The main tasks of the given paper are:
• to give the notion of equivalence;
• to investigate the theory of equivalence interpreted by different linguists;
• to review peculiarities of levels of equivalence;
• to analyze the translation of Mark Twain’s works and find out the prevailing level of equivalence.
Translation is a work of re-structural in the target language of the linguistic production of the source language, and this re-organize takes into account both form and meaning.
This paper consists of content, introduction, chapter 1, chapter 2, conclusion and bibliography. In addition, it contains theoretical and practical parts. In practical part, we analyze texts according to levels of equivalents and preserve many examples, which help to illustrate differences between levels.
The paper includes the works of such theorists and linguists as Nida, Eugene A. , Catford, John C., Mona Baker, Komissarov V. N., Latyshev L.K., and etc.
Список использованной литературы
Bibliographical references
1. Baker, Mona (1992) In Other Words: a Coursebook on Translation, London: Routledge
2. Catford, John C. (1965) A Linguistic Theory of Translation: an Essay on Applied Linguistics, London: Oxford University Press
3. Fawcett, Peter (1997) Translation and Language: Linguistic Theories Explained, Manchester: St Jerome Publishing
4. House, Juliane (1977) A Model for Translation Quality Assessment, Tübingen: Gunter Narr
5. Kenny, Dorothy (1998) 'Equivalence', in the Routledge Encyclopaedia of Translation Studies, edited by Mona Baker, London and New York: Routledge
6. Jakobson, Roman (1959) 'On Linguistic Aspects of Translation', in R. A. Brower (ed.) On Translation, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press
7. Nida, Eugene A. (1964) Towards a Science of Translating, Leiden: E. J. Brill.
Nida, Eugene A. and C.R.Taber (1969 / 1982) The Theory and Practice of Translation, Leiden: E. J. Brill.
8. Комиссаров В.Н. «Современное переводоведение», М., 1968
9. Комиссаров В.Н. «Теория перевода (лингвистические аспекты)», М., 1990
10. Комиссаров В.Н. «Слово о переводе», М., 1973
11. Комиссаров В.Н. «Общая теория перевода», М., 1999 https://www.google.ru/#newwindow=1&q=levels+of+equivalence+in+translation+komissarov&start=10 (16.12.2013 22:55)
12. Латышев Л.К. «Курс перевода: эквивалентность перевода и способы её достижения», М., 1981 http://www.twirpx.com/file/585427/ (16.12.2013 21:00)
Analyzed books
17. Mark Twain “Tom Sawyer”: The American Publishing Company, Hartford, Conn.: Chicago. Ill.: Cincinnati, Ohio, 1884 http://web.archive.org/web/20080913081820/http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/toc/modeng/public/Twa2Tom.html (21.12.2013 07:09)
18. Mark Twain “The Prince and the pauper” http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/modeng/modeng#.browse.html (17.12.2013 18:22)
19. Марк Твен «Приключения Тома Сойера» М., 1987
20. Марк Твен «Принц и Нищий» М., 1987