Пример готовой курсовой работы по предмету: Языки (переводы)
Содержание
Introduction 2
Part 1 Functional Sentence Perspective in modern linguistics 4
1.1 Historical position of studying of Functional Sentence Perspective 4
1.2 Systemic Functional Linguistics in Halliday’s Works 7
1.3 Vilém Mathesius’ Approach 8
1.4 Functional Sentence Perspective of Jan Firbas and Brno School 10
1.5 Topic-Focus Articulation of Petr Sgall and Prague School 11
1.6 Schematic Comparison of Three Czech Approaches to Information Structure of Sentence 15
Part 2 Functional Sentence Perspective Exemplified by ‘The Last Leaf’ by O. Henry 18
Conclusion 29
Bibliography 31
Выдержка из текста
Functional Sentence Perspective is a significant concepts in the functional theory of modern linguistics. The theory of FSP was first developed by Velim Mathesius who gave the ‘order of ideas’ the name of FSP or theme/rheme structure and dubbed what comes first in the sentence the starting point, point of departure, theme or topic; and the idea that follows it the nucleus, rheme, comment, focus, i.e. The essence of this conception is that every act of communication is structured in two different ways: the grammatical pattern of the sentence, and the information-bearing structure of the utterance. In English, the theme – rheme sequence is the normal, unmarked word order while the rheme – theme sequence is the marked word order.
This concept, however, has not received due attention, as the correspondence holding between the order of words and the order of ideas and the role of context in the sentence/utterance and sentence/discourse distinctions are still not fully clarified.
Yet, this concept can be manipulated not only at the sentential level, but also beyond the sentence, i.e., within the framework of discourse analysis. Its significance can be shown in terms of thematic ties linking parts of the text or discourse together. Thus, the rheme in one sentence becomes the theme in a following sentence.
Further, there is also a thematic organization of the paragraph. The first sentence of a paragraph is also the theme of that paragraph (topic sentence), whereas the following sentences have a rhematic value.
Functional Sentence Perspective (henceforth FSP) and Communicative Dynamism (henceforth CD) are two fundamental concepts in modern linguistics. Halliday’s work, as he himself acknowledges, is influenced by the functional concepts of the FSP and CD which can account for how discourse develops and how the use of different surface forms alters the relative prominence of the items of information which are conveyed. He goes further to define FSP as the textual component in the grammar of the sentence, and adds that the interest in FSP springs from its being an integral part of the understanding of the processes of speaking, listening, reading, and writing.
The different parts of the utterance are conceived of to contribute dynamically to the total communicative effect. Some parts will have little to add to the meaning as they reflect only what has already been communicated (theme).
These thematic aspects would as such have the lowest degree of CD. Rheme, by contrast, has the highest degree of CD as it unfolds new information.
Although these two functional concepts were proposed some seventy years ago, their feasibility and effectiveness can still be retained. And from the standpoint of discourse and text analysis they still sound conspicuously modern. The FSP and CD, however, have received scant attention, as there are still some who doubt the correspondence holding between the order of words and the order of ideas.
The aim of the present study is to re-evaluate these two functional concepts so as to gauge their ultimate significance as a tool in the analysis of sentence and text and discourse analysis as well.
Список использованной литературы
Bibliography
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