Пример готовой курсовой работы по предмету: Лексикология
Table of contents
Introduction
The goal of term paper
Origins of slang
Different types of slang
Rhyming slang
The Cockney Alphabet
Internet slang
Gay slang
List of slang terms for police officers
Slang dictionaries
Conclusion
The list of literature
Содержание
Выдержка из текста
Lexical meaning of every word depends upon the part of speech to which the word belongs. Every word may be used in a limiting set of syntactical functions, and with the definite valency. It has a definite set of grammatical meanings, and a definite set of forms.
There is a sense in which this is true.The minimal units of language that exhibit a systematic pairing of sound and meaning thus do not correspond to words, but to in fact something more basic. Once we better understand the nature of morphemes, and the rules regulating how morphemes can be combined, and once we further see how these units relate to “higher level” units of linguistic expression, we will be in a better position to define words properly.
Абривиатуры в современном английском языке- Abriviation in modern English
Of course, the meaning of a given word or affix may remain stable for very long periods, and (Proto-Indo-European etyma of NE sir, fill, udder, foot, wheel, ted, name, egg and mouse had pretty much the same meanings seven thousand years ago as their present-day English reflexes (if one disregards a host of added meanings, like red «Communist»).
But these semantic Methuselah are in fact the exception: words usually do not retain meanings unaltered for any length of time, so in historical and comparative linguistics some understanding of the nature of semantic change is vital for dealing with the routinely divergent semantics of cognate forms.
To achieve the aim it is important to analyse two Russian magazines to find out if there are any slang words borrowed from English. Additionally, four dictionaries of English slang have been chosen as a theoretical base.
1. The intensity of the process of replenishment of modern Russian slang new units at the end of XX — early XXI century. This is, of course, the socio-historical background of the Russian language. But this relationship can not be interpreted too literally, explaining a significant recovery and intensive slang-appearance only historical cataclysms. The scientific literature is traditionally divided into three waves in the development of youth slang. The first dates from the 20-ties of the XX century. When the revolution and civil war that completely destroyed the fabric of society, has created an army of street, and it «good» youth are not separated from them, completing the set of «thieves» words. The second wave has a 50-ies, when the streets and dance halls of cities left «dudes». The emergence of third wave is not connected with the era of rapid developments, and with a period of stagnation, when the stifling atmosphere of public life 70-80’s gave birth to various informal youth movements and «hippies», young people created their own «system» as a slang language gesture of confrontation of the official ideology.
We believe that there are reasonable grounds for granting the fourth wave — the current stage of expansion of slang in the late XX — early XXI century. This period of rapid social life in Russia, the collapse of the old politico-economic structures and the beginning of the formation of new ones. Regular amnesty to prisoners reinforce the influence of criminal morality in the society. The result is a slight decline of morals of the population. The language is manifested in the violation of norms of speech, mixing styles and enhance the non-literary units in speech not only youth, but also some of the older generation.
English Metagraphic System throuhh History
The methods of investigations used in this bachelor’s paper are descriptive method, the method of classification, comparative method, the method of component analysis and sampling and the statistical method.
The list of literature
Researches:
- 1.Ayto, John. 2002. The Oxford Dictionary of Rhyming Slang. Oxford University Press.
2.Franklyn, Julian. 1960. A Dictionary of Rhyming Slang. Routledge.
3.The Oxford Dictionary of Modern Slang (by John Ayto and John Simpson, Oxford University Press, 2005
4.Green, Jonathon. 2000. Cassell’s Rhyming Slang. Cassell.
Internet-sources:
- 5.http://usefulenglish.ru/idioms/standard-slang-common-sense-and-good-reference-materials
6.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_slang
7.http://www.phespirit.info/cockney/alphabet.html
8.http://slangsearch.siteburg.com/
9.http://www.multitran.ru/c/m.exe?a=ShowMorphology&t=173447_1_2
10.http://www.study.ru/online/dict/slang.html
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