Пример готовой курсовой работы по предмету: История
Содержание
Contents
Introduction 2
Main body 4
1) Griboyedov’s first steps in his career 4
2) Literature 9
3) Poems 14
4) The death of Alexander Griboyedov 16
Conclusion 18
Sources 20
Выдержка из текста
Introduction
The early nineteenth century was marked with new aspirations for the Russian Empire, which ended up in great changes later. International position and ambition of a great European power achieved during the eighteenth century had begun to put pressures in economic realm – the need to modernize was clear as most western powers had already moved to industrialization. The “opening” of the country to Europe brought western ideals and values to Russia, which were adopted and adapted by the elites and begun spreading throughout the vast empire.
Alexander I was the first czar of the 19th century Russia. During his reign, Russia was involved in European politics as a party in the Napoleonic Wars. Failure of the French emperor’s strategy to defeat Russian forces on their territory had tragic consequences for Napoleon and led to his downfall. Russian army was once again marching victoriously through Europe eventually entering Paris in 1814. This led to the enormous growth of patriotic moods in Russia but at the same time, the most enlightened groups of population came to realization that the country has to change. Alexander I, who was at first perceived as a liberal ruler, later turned to a moderate autocracy. The czar joined the Holy Alliance of European monarchs to subdue national and liberal movements.
Alexander I’s death caused a moment of uncertainty, which was taken advantage of by the Decembrists in 1825. The reformist movement was harshly suppressed by the new czar Nicholas I, who was a strong conservative. Despite strict regulations (e.g. ban of revolutionary ideas), a new group of educated patriots was forming, later to be known as “the Intelligentsia”, who fought for democracy .
That age of wars and internal unrest was, however, the beginning of the Golden age in Russian literature and art. It was the time of Nikolay Karamzin, Vasily Zhukovsky, Alexander Pushkin, and Alexander Griboyedov.
Griboyedov Alexander Sergeyevich was born in Moscow in 1795, January 15. His family belonged to the well-off upper class of the Russian society. Young Alexander demonstrated remarkable capabilities, he was a man of brilliant mind and numerous talents. At the age of eight, Alexander entered the Pension for the Sons of the Nobility, or Noble Pension, in Moscow . At the age of eleven, he was admitted to the Moscow University and graduated in literature, or belles lettres, and law four years later. As a kid, Alexander spoke fluent French, English, German, Italian, as a student he studied Greek and Latin. Serving in the Foreign ministry, he also spoke Persian, Arabic and Turkish. Griboyedov went on for a
doctorate degree in natural sciences and mathematics.
With the outbreak of the Napoleonic wars, A. Griboyedov left the University and enrolled in the army in a hussar regiment. After resignation in 1816, he entered civil service in Saint-Petersburg.
During his years in the University, Griboyedov adopted the ideas of the Enlightenment and sympathized the French revolution. That logically led him to reconsider his own country’s political system and institutions. Being a passionate patriot, he wished for Russia to rejuvenate and modernize politically, economically and socially. Many of his University friends later became Decembrists and participated in the revolt of 1825. Griboyedov himself was detained from his service in Georgia and brought to St. Petersburg in 1826. The investigation ended
Список использованной литературы
1. Brintlinger A. The Persian Frontier: Griboedov as Orientalist and Literary Hero // Canadian Slavonic Papers / Revue Canadienne des Slavistes. – 2003. – Vol. 45. – No. 3. – P. 371-393.
2. Enikolopov I.K., Popova I.O. and Zaverin M. Griboyedov v Gruzii. Tblisi: Zarya Vostoka, 1954. 158 p.
3. Fomichev S.A. A.S. Griboyedov. Tvortchestvo, Biografiya, Traditsii. Leningrad: Nauka, 1977. 291 p
4. Fomichev S.A. Griboyedov. Encyclopedia. Saint-Petersburg: Nestor-Istoriya, 2007. 396 p.
5. Griboyedov A.S. Polnoe sobranie sochinenii v 3 tomakh / ed. N.K. Piksanov. Petrograd: Akademiia nauk, 1917.
6. Griboyedov A.S. Woe from Wit. A Comedy in 4 Acts. Play in Verse. Translated from the Russian by A.S. Vagapov // http://samlib.ru/a/alec_v/woehtm.shtml
7. Hobson M. Aleksandr Griboedov's Woe from Wit: a commentary and translation. Lewiston, N.Y. [u.a.]
Mellen, 2005. 612 p.
8. Kelly L. Diplomacy and Murder in Tehran: Alexander Griboyedov and Imperial Russia’s Mission to the Shah of Persia. London: Tauris Parke Paperbacks, 2006. 368 p.
9. Nechkina M.V. A.S. Griboyedov i dekabristy. Moscow: Akademia Nauk, 1951. 626 p.
10. Piksanov N.K. A.S. Griboyedov. Biografichesky ocherk. St Petersburg: Akademia Nauk,1911. 146 p.
11. Polunov A.I.U., Owen Th.C., Zakharova L.G. Russia in the Nineteenth Century: Autocracy, Reform, and Social Change, 1814-1914. Routledge, 2015. 304 p.
12. Tynyanov Y. The Death of the Vazir-Mukhtar // Tynyanov Y. Sochineniya. Т. 2. Leningrad: Khudozhestrennaya literature, 1985.
