Пример готового реферата по предмету: Английский продвинутый
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Проблемы и вызовы международной валютной системы(Problems and challenges of the international monetary system)
On the one hand many people are concerned that those responsible for the financial problems are the ones being bailed out, while on the other hand, a global financial meltdown will affect the livelihoods of almost everyone in an increasingly inter-connected world. The problem could have been avoided, if ideologues supporting the current economics models weren’t so vocal, influential and inconsiderate of others’ viewpoints and concerns.
Widest in the north, the continent narrows sharply at the Gulf of Mexico. It is surrounded by three oceans—the Arctic, Pacific, and Atlantic, respectively to the north, west, and east—and by the Gulf of Mexico to the south.
Recently, I noticed that prices on goods and services are growing up in Kazakhstan and I decided to understand the reasons of it. Also, Kazakhstan cut budget to many programs and events that are going to happen. For example, EXPO 2017 is going to be in Astana, Kazakhstan and in March 2015 the Kazakhstan Government reduced by 10 billion tenge (national currency).
The country is searching ways where they can save money.
The second thing I want to outline in my final project is how the on-going standoff between Russia and the West will influence on Kazakh oil price.The bulk of Kazakh oil, which is exported, it passes through the territory of Russia, on Russian pipelines and Russian ports. Thus, the economic situation in Russia and its relations with Western countries can directly affect Kazakh economy.
And in order to effectively assess performance of different countries as well as to give advices on how to implement innovations in the most effective way the concept of National Innovation System (NIS) was developed.The emergence of the NIS concept can be traced back to works of Freeman and Lundvall in the mid 1980s. The NIS framework suggests that the “research system’s ultimate goal is innovation and that the system is part of a larger system composed of sectors like government, university and industry and their environment” (Godin, 2007).
Empirical base of the research statistics were used in the development of the country. As the main methods of research used econometric analysis of the dynamics of indicators, their interdependence.
Griboyedov Alexander Sergeyevich was born in Moscow in 1795, January 15. His family belonged to the well-off upper class of the Russian society. Young Alexander demonstrated remarkable capabilities, he was a man of brilliant mind and numerous talents. At the age of eight, Alexander entered the Pension for the Sons of the Nobility, or Noble Pension, in Moscow . At the age of eleven, he was admitted to the Moscow University and graduated in literature, or belles lettres, and law four years later. As a kid, Alexander spoke fluent French, English, German, Italian, as a student he studied Greek and Latin. Serving in the Foreign ministry, he also spoke Persian, Arabic and Turkish. Griboyedov went on for a
Список источников информации
1.Dobb, Maurice. Soviet Economic Development Since 1917. International Publishers, New York, 1966.
2.H. Hunter and J.M. Szyrmer, Faulty Foundations: Soviet Economic Policies, 1928- 1940 (Princeton UP, 1992).
3.J. Stalin, The Stalin-Wells Talk (New Statesman, Dec. 1934).
4.J. V. Stalin The Results of the First Five-Year Plan, 1933
5.Kendall Bailes, Technology and Society under Lenin and Stalin, (Princeton, N.J., 1978).
6.Lars T. Lih et al (eds.), Stalin’s Letters to Molotov (London, 1995).
7.Leninism, Vol. I, p. 395.
8.Moshe Lewin. The Making of the Soviet System. Essays in the Social History of Interwar Russia (Oxford, 1985), Part II.
9.R. W. Davies et al (eds.), The Stalin-Kaganovich correspondence (Yale UP, 2003).
10.R.W. Davies, M. Harrison, S.G. Wheatcroft (eds.), The Economic Transformation of the Soviet Union, 1913-1945 (Cambridge, 1994).
11.William Chase, Workers, Society and the Soviet State: Labor and Life in Moscow, 1918-1929 (Chicago, 1987)
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