Пример готового реферата по предмету: Английский продвинутый
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After the Soviet Union collapsed, many post-Communist states in Eastern Europe faced major political and economic issues due to government transition leading to corruption and underdevelopment in the 1990s. Russia's strong influence and its economic interests in the region made it possible for Ukraine to maintain Russia as an ideological, political, and economic partner. Ukraine's geostrategic location, natural resources, and gas transit pipeline not only made it an important partner for the EU, but also essential in establishing its political and economic influence in Ukraine.
The shares of employment and output of the latter invariably decline as a result of correction of structural distortions left by central planning, closures of enterprises unable to sustain themselves under market conditions, disorganization of exceedingly complex and often unsustainable inter-enterprise links, and the possibility to divert inputs from the state-owned sector of the economy in search of higher return. Smaller firms usually can be created with limited resources, and in particular with minimal start-up capital This is an important factor, given the lack of private wealth at early stages of transition, and reluctance of potential lenders to extend large loans to borrowers with no track records.
For any business, the cost of transportation is normally the largest single item in the overall cost of physical distribution. It doesn't necessarily follow, though, that a manufacturer should simply pick the cheapest available form of transportation. Many companies today use the total physical distribution concept, an approach that involves maximizing the efficiency of physical distribution activities while minimizing their cost. Often, this means that the (9) company will make cost tradeoffs between the various physical distribution activities. For instance, air freight may be much more expensive than rail transport, but a national manufacturer might use air freight to ship everything from a single warehouse and thus
Economics is a social science studying economy. Like the natural sciences and other social sciences, economics attempts to find laws and principals. Economics analyzes what, how, and for whom the society produces goods and services. The central economic problem is to solve the conflict between people's unlimited demands and the society's ability to produce goods and services
Экономика связана с доходами, подсчетами, расходами, выгодными тарифами, ценами и индивидуальной деятельностью по производству, потреблению, ранспортировке и реализации. Экономика направлена на рассмотрение мельчайших частиц целого спектра человеческого поведения, а также целого ряда проблем, обсуждаемых экономистами сравнительно узко. Вопреки распространенному мнению, экономика обычно не рассматривает такие вещи, как личные доходы, способы открытия малого бизнеса и т.д.; что же касается повседневной жизни тут экономист больше похож на астронома, чем на специалиста по прогнозу погоды, и на физика, чем на фармацевта, на профессора гидродинамики, чем на водопроводчика.
Bibliography
1.Marrot H., The life and letters of John Galsworthy, L., 2005
2.Marrot H.A bibliography of the works of John Galsworthy, L., 2008
3.Sauter R., Galsworthy, the man. An intimate portrait, L., 2007
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